Van Til makes an excellent case for how Theology and
Apologetics are often divorced because theology is understood as faith while
apologetics is associated with reason.
He argues that this is problematic because it inevitably elevates reason
and makes it the highest mental standard, which is idolatry.
What should our approach then be?
Instead of divorcing theology and apologetics, both should come out of the text
of Scripture. Furthermore, a correct understanding of the body of
doctrine that comes out of Scripture, which gives us the
fundamental framework of the Biblical worldview, is best
defended when our defense, or apologetic, is framed by
that doctrine.
It is true that the apologist, like the philosopher, geologist, etc. may not
exhaustively use Biblical terms to communicate, but he should be operating from
a Biblical worldview because it is the Biblical worldview alone that
makes any field understandable. Reason does not make the
different fields of life and study understandable because reason itself is
dependent upon the Biblical Worldview as the only basis for
intelligibility. A remarriage must
occur.
As we intertwine apologetics and theology, we must use the most Biblical
theology that best exegetes the text, which was best systematized by Calvin,
Luther, and others during the Reformation. It is from these doctrines that we gain an acute insight
into the nature of man and God. If
we dismiss these doctrines, then our assumptions about man and God will be
wrong, which will then negate what we are trying to defend or apologia. A
Reformed understanding of God and man meets this challenge and propels us in
the right direction apologetically.
Truly, man is dead in trespasses and sin. He is wicked
and hates God by his very nature; his reason is bound to suppress the truth in
unrighteousness. Therefore, if we elevate reason as the standard to judge
the Bible, then we have already lost the war before we have begun the first
battle. By his fallen reason, man will always judge God to be wrong,
which is why we must defend and proclaim the gospel as an entire worldview and
expose the emptiness of the sinner’s worldview. In this, the unbeliever is
called to repent and abandon his worldview because it is fruitless and
substantiates nothing.
We are calling sinful man to repent of what he already
knows is true; he is in rebellion and needs a Savior. The
unbeliever possesses generally revealed truth because Scripture tells
us that God is made evident in creation and that man suppresses this truth in
unrighteousness, so he is culpable and without excuse or without apologia
(which would be a direct translation). We are not convincing him of what he already knows but rather
confronting him with what he denies. God is commanding him to repent of
what he is suppressing. This moves the playing field from probability to
certainty. God is not a strong hypothetical probable; rather, He is the
absolutely suppressed certain. Exalting reason makes God probable at
best, but our theology informs us that God is certain as man is explained to be
suppressing the truth in unrighteousness. Man does not use his reason to
be a conscientious objector of the truth; rather, he uses his reason to
suppress the truth in unrighteousness.
Granting man reason without forcing him to substantiate said reason to
begin with grants him what he wants: the authority to deny his responsibility
to repent and submit to Him Who created him and Who demands his obedience and
worship. We must not grant the unbeliever anything he cannot account for when
starting from himself, which is nothing.
This is what Paul did in Acts. He commanded men to repent of their sin
and suppressed knowledge of God, but he does not leave them hopeless. On the
contrary, he then delivers further revelation of God in Christ. They
knew they had rebelled against a Holy God as their consciences bore
witness against them (Rom 2), yet they needed special revelation to
know on Whom to Believe. Paul gave a proclamation of what men
must do, and he did so from within and not from without of the Biblical
worldview. He exposed what these men already knew they were
suppressing concerning the God of Creation, and he then charged them to believe
on Him Who is the only One Who can save them from their miserable fallen
condition.
Paul did not try to convince sinners of the Biblical God by appealing to their
reason. Instead, he used their ingrained knowledge of God that is
suppressed to expose them and call them to repentance. This is very
powerful, yet it is often overlooked because we have bought into the fallacious
philosophy that man can establish truth apart from God. For this reason,
we use various evidences to make a case for God and then try to let
the unbeliever's reason be the judge. That is, God and His
Word are put on the stand, and human reason is the judge, which is
idolatry. Furthermore, man, in his bent against God (including his
reason), will always attempt some vain rescuing device. Exposing his
ability to account for anything, even his ability to argue anything, eliminates
his rescuing devices and leaves him naked and ashamed. He will either repent or
continue to mock God with ad hominem attacks (unsubstantiated character attacks
like those used at the charade we call the trial of Christ) in spite of
his exposed nakedness.
God has already revealed Himself, so man is on trial, and he must
make his case, yet he cannot even argue with and against God without stealing
from the very God that He hates, for only God Himself is the
fountainhead of knowledge, logic, reason, ethics, etc. Apart from Him,
one cannot even argue against Him.
It is in this exposing of man's suppression of the truth in
unrighteousness, which he already knows, that charges him to repent and believe
on Christ for salvation. This is the gospel message by which the Holy
Spirit works.
Apologetics is then not some vain attempt to convince the unbeliever to at
least believe there is a God. On the contrary, it is an evangelistic
proclamation and defense of the Biblical worldview against all other
worldviews; it commands men to repent and put all their faith in Christ for
eternal life. God is not presented as a hopeful possibility; on the
contrary, the Biblical worldview is a train wreck that smashes into the idols
of the unbeliever and crushes his puny excuses and pathetic rescuing
devices in a vain attempt to reject a Holy Almighty God! Amen!